Vaginitis affects a large portion of the female population, but diet can be a powerful ally—not only in prevention, but also in treatment.

Vaginitis: What Is It and What Are the Symptoms?

Vaginitis is a general term referring to inflammation of the vaginal wall. It is typically caused by one of three main conditions: fungal infections, bacterial vaginosis, or trichomoniasis. It can lead to various symptoms such as itching, burning, foul-smelling vaginal discharge, and pain during urination or sexual intercourse.

The normal bacterial flora of the vagina and cervix plays a protective role against the overgrowth of pathogenic organisms. A disruption in the balance of the vaginal microbiota is often the starting point for the development of infections.

What Causes Vaginitis?

Vaginitis is most often triggered by a weakened immune system, lack of sleep, poor dietary habits, high stress levels, smoking, improper or insufficient intimate hygiene, pregnancy, menopause, and sexual activity. During the summer months, cases of vaginitis tend to increase due to swimming in the sea or pools, direct contact with water and sand, and prolonged moisture in the genital area.

Diet and Vaginitis: General Guidelines

Numerous studies have shown that diet is a major modifiable factor that affects the composition of gut microbiota and the balance between beneficial and pathogenic organisms. It plays a key role in both the prevention and treatment of vaginitis.

To help maintain a healthy vaginal environment and prevent the overgrowth of pathogens, including fungi, a well-balanced diet is essential. Ideally, this diet should be low in glycemic load and fat, while rich in folic acid, and vitamins D, E, C, A, and beta-carotene, as well as calcium, zinc, and betaine.

This can be achieved through a nutritionally adequate meal plan developed with the help of a dietitian, including reduced intake of sweets and increased consumption of vegetables, fruits, and dairy products.

Additionally, functional foods and supplements containing probiotics and prebiotics have been shown to have a positive effect on vaginal inflammation.

Dietary Fat and Vaginitis

An increased intake of dietary fat (up to 39%), particularly total fat, saturated fat, and monounsaturated fat, has been associated with a higher vaginal pH, which can increase the risk of bacterial vaginosis. Dietary fat may also impair immune function in the intestinal mucosa, so a low-fat diet is often recommended during periods of active vaginitis.

Vitamin C, Iron, Betaine, and Vaginitis

There is a well-established connection between vitamin C intake and immune support, so it is important to consume foods rich in this nutrient. Subclinical iron deficiency has also been identified as a significant predictor for vaginitis, making iron-rich foods essential. Betaine may also have direct positive effects on the vaginal microenvironment or act indirectly by influencing the gut microbiota.

Recommended Foods:

Vitamin C Sources

• Citrus fruits (orange, mandarin, grapefruit, lemon)
• Green, red, and yellow bell peppers
• Strawberries
• Brussels sprouts, broccoli

Iron Sources

• Liver
• Beef
• Lentils
• Spinach

Betaine Sources

• Wheat bran and germ
• Goji berries
• Spinach
• Beets

Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Vaginitis

Probiotics and prebiotics also play a key role in managing vaginitis. Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when consumed in adequate amounts, provide health benefits to the host. They can be taken through diet or supplements and are effective when administered either orally or vaginally.

The biochemical actions of probiotics, as natural components of certain foods, not only influence the nutritional and sensory characteristics of those foods but also contribute to both prevention and treatment. Probiotic-rich foods include fermented products. Consuming prebiotics alongside probiotics is also recommended, as they create a favorable environment that supports the growth of beneficial probiotic strains. Prebiotics are indigestible food components that selectively stimulate the growth or activity of beneficial bacteria in the colon, promoting host health.

Probiotic-Rich Foods

• Yogurt
• Kefir
• Sauerkraut
• Kimchi
• Sourdough bread
• Pickled vegetables

Prebiotic Foods

• Garlic
• Onion
• Artichokes
• Chicory
• Asparagus
• Wheat
• Bananas

 

It’s clear that diet can serve as a powerful tool in managing vaginitis. The next time you’re faced with this concern, alongside your physician’s guidance, consider turning to nutrition as an effective support strategy. Consulting with a dietitian and creating a tailored dietary plan can help you tackle this condition more effectively.

 

REFERENCES
Mizgier M, Jarząbek-Bielecka G, Mruczyk K, Kędzia W. Vaginal microbiota in adolescents. Ginekol Pol. 2020;91(7):412–6. doi:10.5603/GP.2020.0070.

Barrientos-Durán A, Fuentes-López A, de Salazar A, Plaza-Díaz J, García F. Reviewing the composition of vaginal microbiota: inclusion of nutrition and probiotic factors. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 6;12(2):419. doi:10.3390/nu12020419.